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Lesson 61 — Maxima and Minima

Critical points, Fermat's Theorem, first and second derivative tests, and the absolute extrema algorithm on closed intervals.

Used in: Year 2 High School · Japanese Math II/III Equiv. · German Analysis/Kurvendiskussion Equiv.

f(c)=0    c candidate for local extremumf'(c) = 0 \;\Longrightarrow\; c \text{ candidate for local extremum}
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Rigorous notation, full derivation, hypotheses

Definitions, Theorems, and Algorithms

Local and Absolute Extrema

"If f has a local maximum or minimum at c, then c is a critical point of f." — Active Calculus §3.1

First Derivative Test

Second Derivative Test

"When the second derivative test is inconclusive, we resort to the first derivative test." — OpenStax Calculus Vol. 1, §4.5

Extreme Value Theorem (Weierstrass)

Algorithm for Absolute Extrema on [a, b]

local minlocal minlocal maxlocal maxab

Local extrema occur at critical points (where ). Absolute extrema can be local extrema or the endpoints and .

Solved Examples

Exercise list

30 exercises · 7 with worked solution (25%)

21 3 3 2 1
  1. Ex. 61.1

    Find the critical point of and classify it using the second derivative test.

  2. Ex. 61.2Answer key

    Classify the critical points of .

  3. Ex. 61.3Answer key

    Find the absolute extrema of on .

  4. Ex. 61.4Answer key

    Classify all critical points of .

  5. Ex. 61.5

    Find the absolute extrema of on .

  6. Ex. 61.6

    Find and classify the critical points of .

  7. Ex. 61.7

    Analyze the critical points of .

  8. Ex. 61.8

    Classify the critical point of .

  9. Ex. 61.9

    Find the absolute extrema of on .

  10. Ex. 61.10

    Determine the absolute extrema of on .

  11. Ex. 61.11

    Determine the absolute extrema of on .

  12. Ex. 61.12

    Determine the absolute extrema of on .

  13. Ex. 61.13Answer key

    If and , then the point is:

  14. Ex. 61.14

    Which statement about Fermat's Theorem is correct?

  15. Ex. 61.15

    If and , what is the correct conclusion?

  16. Ex. 61.16

    Find the absolute extrema of on .

  17. Ex. 61.17Answer key

    Find the local extremum of .

  18. Ex. 61.18Answer key

    Classify the local extrema of .

  19. Ex. 61.19

    Find the absolute extrema of on .

  20. Ex. 61.20

    Find the extremum of (Gaussian curve).

  21. Ex. 61.21

    Find the absolute extrema of on .

  22. Ex. 61.22

    Determine the absolute extrema of on .

  23. Ex. 61.23

    A company sells a product with demand units when the price is reais. What price maximizes total revenue?

  24. Ex. 61.24Answer key

    A factory has cost (reais) and revenue producing units. How many units maximize profit?

  25. Ex. 61.25

    A model rocket is launched vertically, and its height (in meters) is . Determine the maximum height reached.

  26. Ex. 61.26

    Find the local minimum of for .

  27. Ex. 61.27

    Determine the absolute extrema of on .

  28. Ex. 61.28

    Prove Fermat's Theorem: if has a local maximum at and is differentiable at , then .

  29. Ex. 61.29

    Show that has a critical point at , but this point is not a local extremum.

  30. Ex. 61.30

    Show that has a unique critical point and that this is the function's global minimum.

Sources

Updated on 2024-05-15 · Author(s): Clube da Matemática

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