Lesson 63 — Curve Sketching
Complete pipeline for graphical analysis via calculus: domain, intercepts, symmetries, asymptotes, monotonicity (f'), concavity (f''), inflection points, and final sketch.
Used in: Year 2 HS · Equivalent Japanese Math II/III (Kurvendiskussion) · Equivalent German Analysis Klasse 12
Rigorous notation, full derivation, hypotheses
Graphical Analysis Pipeline
The Eight Formal Steps
"If f'(x) > 0 on an interval, then f is increasing on that interval. If f''(x) > 0, then f is concave up. These two pieces of information, combined with critical and inflection points, give a complete picture of the graph." — OpenStax Calculus Vol. 1, §4.5
Combined Behavior Table
| Behavior | ||
|---|---|---|
| increasing, concave up | ||
| increasing, concave down | ||
| decreasing, concave up | ||
| decreasing, concave down |
Definition of Concavity and Inflection
Typical curve: local maximum, two inflection points (change of concavity), local minimum. Inflection points occur where the curvature changes direction.
Solved Examples
Exercise list
30 exercises · 7 with worked solution (25%)
- Ex. 63.1Answer key
Determine the intervals of increase/decrease and concavity of .
- Ex. 63.2
For , determine: intervals of increase/decrease, local extrema, concavity, and inflection points.
- Ex. 63.3
Completely analyze : domain, asymptotes, extrema, concavity.
- Ex. 63.4
Sketch (Gaussian curve): domain, extrema, inflections, asymptote.
- Ex. 63.5
Analyze for : domain, extrema, concavity.
- Ex. 63.6
Sketch : domain, vertical and horizontal asymptotes, extrema.
- Ex. 63.7
Determine the inflection points and intervals of concavity for .
- Ex. 63.8
Completely analyze : extrema, inflection, asymptote.
- Ex. 63.9
Analyze : domain, minimum, concavity.
- Ex. 63.10Answer key
Determine the slant asymptote and sketch .
- Ex. 63.11
Determine intervals of increase, local extrema, and concavity of on .
- Ex. 63.12
The correct definition of an inflection point is:
- Ex. 63.13Answer key
"Concave up on an interval" means that:
- Ex. 63.14Answer key
Completely analyze .
- Ex. 63.15Answer key
Analyze : extrema, concavity, behavior at infinity.
- Ex. 63.16
For on , determine local extrema, inflections, and sketch.
- Ex. 63.17
Sketch : domain, asymptotes, increase, concavity.
- Ex. 63.18
Completely analyze : extrema, inflections, concavity, symmetry.
- Ex. 63.19Answer key
Determine domain, asymptotes, and extrema of ... (correct to — even function with asymptotes at ).
- Ex. 63.20
Completely sketch .
- Ex. 63.21
Analyze for : extrema, concavity, intercepts.
- Ex. 63.22
Determine the slant asymptote and extrema of .
- Ex. 63.23
Prove that if on , then the graph of lies above any tangent line on (a concave up function lies above its tangents).
- Ex. 63.24
Show that every cubic function with has exactly one inflection point, and that the graph is symmetric about this point.
- Ex. 63.25
Completely sketch for , including the limit as .
- Ex. 63.26
Completely analyze : extrema, inflections, concavity, symmetry.
- Ex. 63.27Answer key
Analyze : domain, maximum, inflection, asymptote.
- Ex. 63.28
Analyze the extrema and symmetry of .
- Ex. 63.29
Sketch : asymptotes, extrema, parity.
- Ex. 63.30
Analyze the family of curves with : determine extrema and inflections as functions of the parameters. How do and control the curve's shape?
Sources
- Boelkins, Matt. Active Calculus 2.0. Grand Valley State University, 2022. CC-BY-NC-SA. activecalculus.org/single/sec-3-2-families.html
- OpenStax. Calculus Volume 1. Strang, Herman et al., 2023. CC-BY-NC-SA. openstax.org/books/calculus-volume-1/pages/4-5-derivatives-and-the-shape-of-a-graph
- Hartman, G. et al. APEX Calculus. Virginia Military Institute, 2023. CC-BY-NC. apexcalculus.com